from the cape to cairo cartoon analysis

This video provides an in depth analysis of a GCSE History cartoon from the event surrounding the signing of the Treaty of Versailles (after WW1). Source:Library of Congress, This rueful cartoon places Confucius and Jesus side-by-side and laments the failure of all parties to practice what they preach. N.Y. : J. Ottmann Lith. But the urge to span the continent from bottom to top did not die with Rhodes's dream . 8, No. Initially, the camps were conceived as shelters for women and children war refugees. He is Chief Correspondent of public radio's Biotech Nation, a commentator on NPR's Morning Edition, and a contributing editor and a columnist for Conde Nast Portfolio. Tough the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut. Udo Keppler,Puck, December 10, 1902. Selling Empire: American Propaganda and War in the Philippines.TheAsia-Pacific Journal, Vol. Cullinane, M. Patrick. Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled Civilization with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled Barbarism. Louis Dalrymples exceptionally detailed 1899 Puck graphic includes racist and denigrating depictions within a schoolhouse metaphor to demonstrate the right to govern newly acquired territories without their consent. By the spring of 1900, Boxer attacks were spreading toward the capital city of Beijing. Cecil John Rhodes was born on 5 July 1853 in the small hamlet of Bishops Stortford, England. Do those benighted wretches fail to realize what we have accomplished in their islands? When a Chinese coolie strikes a French soldier the result is a public cry of Barbarity! But when a French soldier strikes a coolie, it's a necessary blow for civilization. Ren Georges Hermann-Paul,Le Cri de Paris, July 10, 1899. N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. Driven by competition with each other and economic pressures at home, the worlds major powers ventured to ever-distant lands to spread their religion, culture, power, and sources of profits. U.S. Chinas Worn Out Traditionsrepresented by the queue hairstyle required during the Qing dynastyare about to be cut with the shears of 19th Century Progress., Nearly two years later, in the midst of the Boxer Uprising, Puck was still resorting to the same sort of stereotyped juxtaposition. 1898) illuminate demeaning caricatures of China. How does the "Prelude to the Scramble" (Visual Source 18.1) differ from "From the Cape to Cairo" (Visual Source 18.3)?, 2. [MORE], The Middle East as Seen Through Foreign Eyes, This resource was created by scholars at the University of Chicago and funded by the. From the Cape to Cairo Collection: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Description: Britannia, carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advances on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism." Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. As the caption indicates, this cover illustration dismisses charges of imperialism that critics directed against American expansion at the turn of the century.Harpers Weekly took pride in billing itself as A Journal of Civilization. The barbarians depicted here are Chinese Boxers who committed atrocities against Christian missionaries. This will help reinforce what you've already learned about imperialism and will give you more insight into both the minds of the imperialists as well as those who rejected this type of domination. 367-373 (1998). Transatlantic dimensions of the American Anti-Imperialist Movement, 1899-1909.Journal of Transatlantic Studies. This was followed by the invasion and takeover of Puerto Rico. Our Civilized Heathen asks what is civilized and who are the heathen. The satirical weekly, Simplicissimus, flourished from 1896 to 1967 with a hiatus from 1944 to 1954. Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. Kipling offered moral justification for the bloody war the U.S. was fighting to suppress the independent Philippine regime following Spanish rule. the younger Keppler also contributed cartoons, and became co-owner of the magazine after his father's death, when he changed his name to Joseph Keppler. Missionaries preaching the Gospel in rural China violated local religious practices. Confucius, Missionary banner (Allied forces flags): Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you do ye even so to them. Cartoonist Victor Gillam turns the tables on American missionary zeal and moral imperative to save the heathen by showing how the Chinese might view the foreign devils in vignettes of ignorance, racism, and extreme violence in the United States. The strategy was among several emerging in these small wars of the turn of the century. Wrapped in Kerosene-Soaked Cotton and Roasted to Death., In this same horrified mode, the July 28 cover of Harpers Weeklya publication that carried the subtitle A Journal of Civilizationdepicted demonic Boxers brandishing primitive weapons, carrying severed heads on pikes, and trampling a child wrapped in the American flag. John Bull, whose portliness stood for prosperity, has joined with Uncle Sam to swallow the globe. New Forces in Old China: An Inevitable Awakening(New York: F.H. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Language. A scrawny female figure in the background appears to be a skull-faced depiction of Britannia, grown thin and solitary through endless pursuit of war. What do they expect from a drunken soldier, anyway? [Read Online], Vaughan, Christopher. How such uncivilized behavior fit the rhetoric of the civilizing mission is the subject of the Life cartoon, A Red-Letter Day. Against a backdrop of distant flames, a Filipino mansympathetically drawn as tall, handsome, and heroic in contrast to the usual caricature of a tiny, expressionless savage in a grass skirtis questioned by a clergyman. As the cartoon record of these turn-of-the-century years repeatedly demonstrates, moreover, it was taken for granted by the imperialists that the people on whom they were bestowing the light of civilization were literallyand often grotesquelyof various shades of darker complexion. Thus, under the Here lies (Hic jacet) on each gravestone, we see generic names coupled with places of origin extending from England to Scotland, Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, Gibraltar, India, Ceylon, and Egypt. Source:Library of Congress. Africa is the setting. The caption reads Think It Overa phrase that also appeared later in Mark Twains To the Person Sitting in Darkness essay. Though the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut," states that progress must be pursued despite suffering on both sides. Cairo and Cape Town, the twin citadels of British power and presence in Africa. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is Name: From the Cape to Cairo Material: Color offset lithograph Size: Unknown Date: 1898 Place of Origin: New York City Location: Unknown Source and Registration#: Created by Joseph Keppler John Woods Professor of Iranian and Central Asian History and of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago Alexander Barna | Having defeated China in 189495, Japan is presented by Columbia (the U.S.) to her closest ally, Britannia (Great Britain). The aggressive quest for new marketsChinas millions being the most covetedwas justified as part of the benevolent and inevitable spread of progress. continuous line of British territories from Cape Town, South Africa to Cairo, Egypt. These more critical graphics did not exist in a vacuum. Warships steam over the horizon of their chests flying banners of great waterways that would ideally open the world to commerceSuez Canal (completed in 1869) and Managua Canal (projected through Nicaragua to link the Caribbean and Pacific oceansan undertaking later transferred to Panama). International Journal of Comic Art11.1 (2009)pp. Location: Innovation Hall, 330 and online (see info below). Vol. A Rival Who Has Come to Stay: Naval Power. But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and remember that, in a little while, you will feel as glad to be here as they are!. Militarily beneath notice by the major European powers, and able to resolve conflicts with Britain in the Western Hemisphere diplomatically, there was little pressure for a strong military in the U.S. With minimal military expenditures, the U.S. economy grew rapidly. The White Mans Burden was used by both pro- and anti-imperialist factions. The addition of an exclamation point in the caption, The White (!) Terms of Use Keppler, Udo J., Artist. A mound of scribbled papers from an overflowing wastebasket testifies to the coercion exerted upon him to induce cooperation. The U.S. policy of benevolent neutrality supported Britain in the Boer War with large war loans, exports of military supplies, and diplomatic assistance for British POWs. 2. The word "Civilization" (with a capital C), alongside Progress, was counterposed against the words barbarism, barbarians, and barbarity, with accompanying visual stereotypes. The enlarged detail below reveals that the flags of the opponents say the same thing in different words, each justifying their wars to uphold the principle of the Golden Rule., Are our teachings, then, in vain? Udo Keppler,Puck, October 3, 1900. Europeans, this reads, Pour the Blessings of Their Culture over the Globe., Der Europer giesst die Segnungen seiner Kultur ber den Erdball aus (The Europeans pour the blessings of its culture over the globe). Seated around them (left to right) are a feminized Russia, Turkey, Italy, Austria, Spain, and France. English Lessons: The Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century China(Durham: Duke University Press, 2003). Murphy, Erin L. "Women's Anti-Imperialism, 'The White Man's Burden,' and the Philippine-American War,"The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. - More about Copyright and other Restrictions. Allied troops departed Tianjin for Beijing on August 4. description Summary Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism". The caption, "From the Cape to Cairo. A laughing missionary in the lead, blood-soaked soldiers of the Allied forces tread on the bodies of women and children while carrying severed heads on a pike. Britain leads the way in this harsh rendering, shouldering the burden of China, India, Egypt, and Soudan. The United States staggers behind carrying grotesque racist caricatures labeled Filipino, Porto Rico, Cuba, Samoa, and Hawaii.. Thomas Theodor Heine. 203228. Priests Horribly Tortured. Co., Puck Bldg., 1902 December 10. So, if we do our duty aright in the Philippines, we will add to that national renown which is the highest and finest part of national life, will greatly benefit the people of the Philippine Islands, and, above all, we will play our part well in the great work of uplifting mankind. This special issue of LAssiette au Beurre drew particular attention to the brutal tactics adopted by the British in the Boer War, including herding the families of the Boer opponent into concentration camps. An Italian cartoonist who drew William II as a modern Attila beheading Chinese foes was likely inspired by his Hun speech to German soldiers shipping out to fight in the Boxer Uprising in China, delivered on July 27, 1900, in which he called for total war: Should you encounter the enemy, he will be defeated! N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. U.S. regiments were transported from the Philippines to join the Allied force. England has governed her colonies whether they consented or not. The caption is ominous: War on Earth. Source: Bibliothque nationale de France, British soldiers laugh at the spectacle of Boer prisoners of war being shocked by an electric fence. Numbers 14-15 and 18-20 wanting. Wasserstrom, Jeffrey. Prints and Photographs division. https://gmu.zoom.us/j/92187991244, Please download and import the following iCalendar (.ics) files to your calendar system. In this blatantly racist rendering, Americas newly subjugated people appear far more primitive and barbaric than the older empires load. Skulls dot the landscape ahead in Lifes grim rendering. 202-212 (September 2010). In the eyes of the West, China was dangerously close to chaos as the new century began. Tuffnell, Stephen. Misery Loves Company;but they hope soon to be out of it. Louis Dalrymple, Puck, March 20, 1901. Source and Registration#: Created by Joseph Keppler, Professor of Iranian and Central Asian History and of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago, Outreach Coordinator, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Chicago, The Middle East as Seen Through Foreign EyesTwentieth and Twenty-First CenturiesImage Resource Bank, 2010 The Oriental Institute, The University of Chicago | Wilhelm points ahead, where the inhabitants flee. LAC nsk 2021-10-04 create (1 card), Printed Ephemera Collection (Library of Congress) - Anti-Imperialist League (Washington, D.C.), Horrible nightmare of a worthy old gentleman. Tributes have poured in for a Cape Town vet who was killed by . (This coincided with the annexation of Hawaii as a U.S. territory in congressional votes in June and July of the same year.) This French cartoon eschews the romantic presentation in the preceding Puckgraphic and casts a far more cynical eye on Anglo-American expansion as fundamentally a matter of conquest. The Forbidden Book: The Philippine-American War in Political Cartoons(San Francisco: TBoli Pub. Life published many graphics that showed the humanitarian costs inflicted by war and political aggressiondespoliation, looting, concentration camps, torture, and genocideoften awkwardly interspersed amongst humorous sketches and domestic scenes. Embracing Technologies of Domination: The Rise of Popular Imperialism in the U.S., 1898-1904. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Dresden International Congress Centre, Dresden, Germany, Jun 16, 2006. When applied to people and cultures, the survival of the fittest doctrine gave wealthy, technologically-advanced countries not only the right to dominate backward nations, but an imperative and duty to bring them into the modern world. On June 17, while the fate of Seymour and his men remained unknown to the outside world, Allied navies attacked and captured the forts at Taku. Hurst and Blackett. , 1902. One was the second Boer War of 18991902 that pitted British forces against Dutch-speaking settlers in South Africa and their black supporters. 3, pp. Uncle Sam, armed and dangerous, cocks an eyebrow as he displays his handiwork: countless dead Filipino soldiers laid out in rows. The conspicuously larger size of Britannias big guns in Pucks cartoon reflects Englands leading role in imperial conquest. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900. The turn of the century also witnessed emergence of articulate anti-imperialist voices worldwideand this movement had its own powerful wing of incisive graphic artists. Explain the message within this particular cartoon using the details the cartoonist has included in it. Despite public neutrality, the U.S. and Britain covertly supported each other. A more earthly approach is taken in the graphic Some One Must Back Up that heads this essay. A band of tribal defenders, whose leader rides a white charger and wields the flag of Barbarism, fades in the face of Civilizations advance. Jesus, In an 1899 cartoon, Ren Georges Hermann-Paul attacked the hypocrisy of spreading civilization by force by juxtaposing the words Barbarie and Civilisation beneath Chinese and French combatants who alternate as victor and victim. Illus. Duplication Services Web site. The conduct of foreign troops in China was targeted in a searing cartoon by the French artist Thophile Steinlen. Twains most celebrated anti-imperialist essay, To the Person Sitting in Darkness, was published in the February, 1901 issue of the North American Review. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. The archetypal dominance of Civilization over Barbarism is conveyed in a 1902 Puck graphic with the sweeping white figure of Britannia leading British soldiers and colonists in the Boer War. Xiang, Lanxin. The belief in racial/cultural superiority that fueled the British empire embraced the U.S. in Anglo-Saxonism based on common heritage and language. J. Ottmann Lith. In this mocking Life cartoon, a Chinese man with an overturned Bible at his feet laughs ironically at how both the Bible and Uncle Sam relish scenes of slaughter. The British people had a long history of supporting imperial wars and as the conflict escalated, criticism in cartoon form declined and was supplanted by patriotic messages. All Missionaries and Converts Being Exterminated. https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o276287. The Native: Ever since my home was burned to the ground and my wife and children shot. Frederick Thompson Richards,Life, October 18, 1900. The French caption mocks British hypocrisy in officially praising the humanitarian behavior of their armed forces. Other graphic techniques were used by cartoonists to communicate this message. 1, July 6, 2015. The March of the Strenuous Civilization. C. S. Taylor,Life, April 11, 1901. Though black Africans did not fight in the war, over 100,000 were rounded up and confined in camps separate from the white internees. Does the artist portray imperialism in a positive or negative light? ***Appointments are virtual, but we can schedule in-person if needed. Who, they asked, was the real barbarian? The campaign met with fierce resistance and saw the introduction of concentration camps as an extreme maneuver against the Boer defenders. Additional images from the issue depict barbaric behavior by the multinational force that intervened in China during the Boxer Uprising.

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