why was henry vii called the winter king

However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. He was supported in this effort by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" was a catch-22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes: those nobles who spent little must have saved much, and thus could afford the increased taxes; in contrast, those nobles who spent much obviously had the means to pay the increased taxes. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. The King, normally a reserved man who rarely showed much emotion in public unless angry, surprised his courtiers by his intense grief and sobbing at his son's death, while his concern for the Queen is evidence that the marriage was a happy one, as is his reaction to Queen Elizabeth's death the following year, when he shut himself away for several days, refusing to speak to anyone. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. This family took a dim view of Henry and it was John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, who instigated the first rebellion against him. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Prince Arthur was born just eight months after his parents marriage, at Winchester, the seat of King Arthurs Camelot. Martin Luther 95 thesis. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. Today is Shrove Tuesday time for pancakes! He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. This was excellent. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. Doubtless the plotters were encouraged by the deaths of Henrys sons in 1500 and 1502 and of his wife in 1503. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. Henry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. Life at court was merry under Henry 8th, a fresh new beginning likened to springtime. The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. $14.97 1 Used from $14.96 3 New from $14.97. The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. The Great Debasement - Wikipedia I had an idea Henry VII was a force for stability; in fact he was a terrifying kleptocrat, abusing the law with arbitrary fines and imprisonment, scheming to effectively steal entire estates and wring every penny out of subjects as well as impose political control through financial means. An easy read? Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. [37], For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester. The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. [36] However, he spared Warwick's elder sister Margaret, who survived until 1541 when she was executed by Henry VIII. Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Henry showed remarkable clemency to the surviving rebels: he pardoned Kildare and the other Irish nobles, and he made the boy, Simnel, a servant in the royal kitchen where he was in charge of roasting meats on a spit. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. Overall, this was a successful area of policy for Henry, both in terms of efficiency and as a method of reducing the corruption endemic within the nobility of the Middle Ages. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. If you are new the era, this wouldn't the first book I would pick up because it does flip flop around a bit in the beginning-but if you want to understand the players that ultimately have a significant impact on Henry VIII, this is the book for you. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. [33], In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology Raised in France, admiring of Italian-trained lawyers (and reaping the reward of the return of a whole generation of educated English commoners who sat out the War of the Roses abroad), with good taste in Renaissance art and advised by his gracious wife and steely mother, Henry VII is a major figure, not a prequel. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. However, such a level of paranoia persisted that anyone (John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, for example)[27] with blood ties to the Plantagenets was suspected of coveting the throne. [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. This is why he named the book the "Winter King". While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. 4. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. Henry VIII - Tudor History There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. Warbeck won the support of Edward IV's sister Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. The nobility was forced into bonds, legal agreements that they would act as the King wanted or be fined. [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became . He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. [citation needed] The first was the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, abetted by Viscount Lovell, which collapsed without fighting. ), The Reign of Henry VII. Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. [55] Since alum was mined in only one area in Europe (Tolfa, Italy), it was a scarce commodity and therefore especially valuable to its land holder, the Pope. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Henry VII: Winter King (TV Movie 2013) - IMDb Why is this ambitious? The union was both symbolic and necessary. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. His bouts of grave illness brought the question repeatedly to the fore. For example, they could replace suspect jurors in accordance with the 1495 act preventing the corruption of juries. This is why he named the book the Winter King. In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. 1517. The King was heavily guarded. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. To strengthen his position, however, he subsidised shipbuilding, so strengthening the navy (he commissioned Europe's first ever and the world's oldest surviving dry dock at Portsmouth in 1495) and improving trading opportunities. He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn - review [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. I would read more by this author. Many of the entries show a man who loosened his purse strings generously for his wife and children, and not just on necessities: in spring 1491 he spent a great amount of gold on a lute for his daughter Mary; the following year he spent money on a lion for Elizabeth's menagerie. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. Through luck, guile, and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, emerged as rulerbut as a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne, he remained a usurper and false king to many, and his hold on power was precarious. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. Early life Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. He invited artists, musicians and scholars to live at his court. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. The Lancastrians triumphed under the leadership of a 28-year-old exile named Henry Tudor. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. The rest, as we say, is history; Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry Tudor had arrived out of nowhere and avenged the death of the little princes in the tower, although there is some debate as to who was actually responsible for their murder. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. Watch Henry VII: The Winter King | Prime Video - amazon.com In 1494, Henry embargoed trade (mainly in wool) with the Burgundian Netherlands in retaliation for Margaret of Burgundy's support for Perkin Warbeck. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. How did a precariously enthroned ruler, lacking a police force or a standing army, manage to run roughshod over the law? Here is a rundown of the programme for those who missed it. It seems that Henry was skilful at extracting money from his subjects on many pretexts, including that of war with France or war with Scotland. Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. They overrode all the usual legal processed and acted with complete impunity. One of the councils prominent members was Edmund Dudley, a man who helped Henry by enforcing the Kings legal rights, finding old laws to use against people and stretching the law to its limits. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. Story's register still exists and, according to the 19th-century historian W.R.W. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. [52] He also concluded the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Scotland (the first treaty between England and Scotland for almost two centuries), which betrothed his daughter Margaret Tudor to King James IV of Scotland. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. MP3 CD. With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England.

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